A Targeted Parathyroidectomy Using Guide Wire Technique in a Pregnant Patient with Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Primary hyperparathyroidism may cause fetal demise in pregnant patients if prompt diagnosis and treatment is not initiated. The paper describes a novel guide wire technique for a targeted parathyroidectomy, which may reduce the risk to mother and fetus and be useful in other related circumstances

The effect of 980 nm and 1480 nm pumping on the performance of newly Hafnium Bismuth Erbium-doped fiber amplifier

An experimental study on the comparison of optical amplifying performance between 980 nm and 1480 nm pumping for the newly Hafnium Bismuth Erbium co-doped fiber (HB-DF) has been presented. A short length of 1-meter HB-EDF was used as the gain medium of the optical amplifier. 1480 nm pumping is found to provide higher attainable gain and lower noise figure compared to 980 nm pumping. At 1480 nm pumping, the average small signal gain for HB-EDFA in the single pass configuration has improved by 13.4 dB in the C-band region range from 1525 nm to 1565 nm. In the double-pass configuration, a maximum small signal gain of 36.6 dB was achieved at the wavelength of 1560 nm, this is 11.6 dB higher compared to the HB-EDFA with 980 nm pumping. The double pass HB-EDFA with 1480 nm pumping has exhibited a reduction of average noise figure by 23.4% and 29.8% for-30 dBm and-10 dBm of input signal power respectively in the C- and L-band region

Wideband optical fiber amplifier with short length of enhanced erbium-zirconia-yttria-aluminum co-doped fiber

A wideband optical amplifier is demonstrated by using an enhanced Zirconia-Yttria-Aluminum erbium doped fiber (Zr-EDF) with a total length of 3.5 m as gain media, in double-pass parallel configuration. At - 10 dBm input signal, the proposed amplifier produces a flat gain of 17.1 dB with gain fluctuation less than 1.5 dB within wavelength region from 1525 to 1600 nm. The noise figure is maintained below 10 dB within the flat gain region

An efficient wideband hafnia-bismuth erbium co-doped fiber amplifier with flat-gain over 80 nm wavelength span

A new wideband erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is proposed and demonstrated, utilizing a newly fabricated hafnia-bismuth erbium co-doped fiber (HB-EDF) as a gain medium. The proposed amplifier is tested in both double-pass series and parallel configurations, using 22 cm and 150 cm long HB-EDFs to realize amplification in C and L-band wavelength region, respectively. Both series and parallel configurations obtained a wideband operation at wavelength region from 1520 to 1610 nm. At input signal power of -10 dBm, the parallel HB-EDFA achieved a flat gain of 12.1 dB with a gain ripple of less than 2 dB, along the wavelength region of 80 nm from 1525 to 1605 nm. Within the flat gain region, the noise figure was less than 11.8 dB. Overall, the parallel HB-EDFA has a better performance than the series HB-EDFA